Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN Diets for Change in Weight and Related Risk Factors Among Overweight Premenopausal Women . Potential benefits and risks have not been tested adequately. Objective To compare 4 weight- loss diets representing a spectrum of low to high carbohydrate intake for effects on weight loss and related metabolic variables. Design, Setting, and Participants Twelve- month randomized trial conducted in the United States from February 2. ![]() October 2. 00. 5 among 3. Intervention Participants were randomly assigned to follow the Atkins (n = 7. Zone (n = 7. 9), LEARN (n = 7. Ornish (n = 7. 6) diets and received weekly instruction for 2 months, then an additional 1. ![]() Main Outcome Measures Weight loss at 1. Secondary outcomes included lipid profile (low- density lipoprotein, high- density lipoprotein, and non–high- density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels), percentage of body fat, waist- hip ratio, fasting insulin and glucose levels, and blood pressure. Outcomes were assessed at months 0, 2, 6, and 1. This delicious low carb chicken soup recipe is loaded with healthy veggies. Featured in Woman's World Magazine as Turbo Atkins Diet Soup!The Tukey studentized range test was used to adjust for multiple testing. Results Weight loss was greater for women in the Atkins diet group compared with the other diet groups at 1. Atkins and Zone diets (P<. Mean 1. 2- month weight loss was as follows: Atkins, . Weight loss was not statistically different among the Zone, LEARN, and Ornish groups. At 1. 2 months, secondary outcomes for the Atkins group were comparable with or more favorable than the other diet groups. Conclusions In this study, premenopausal overweight and obese women assigned to follow the Atkins diet, which had the lowest carbohydrate intake, lost more weight and experienced more favorable overall metabolic effects at 1. Zone, Ornish, or LEARN diets. While questions remain about long- term effects and mechanisms, a low- carbohydrate, high- protein, high- fat diet may be considered a feasible alternative recommendation for weight loss. Trial Registration clinicaltrials. Identifier: NCT0. The ongoing obesity epidemic,1 along with its health costs and consequences. ![]() National dietary weight loss guidelines (ie, energy- restricted, low in fat, high in carbohydrate)7 have been challenged, particularly by proponents of low- carbohydrate diets. However, limited evidence has been available to effectively evaluate other diets. Several recent trials compared low- carbohydrate vs traditional low- fat, high- carbohydrate weight- loss diets. A meta- analysis that pooled the results of these early trials concluded that low- carbohydrate, non–energy- restricted diets were at least as effective as low- fat, high- carbohydrate diets in inducing weight loss for up to 1 year. However, most of these trials were limited by combinations of small sample sizes, high rates of attrition, short durations, or limited diet assessment. For the A TO Z (Atkins, Traditional, Ornish, Zone) Weight Loss Study, we selected 4 diets—3 popular and substantially different diets and 1 diet based on national guidelines—representing a spectrum of carbohydrate intake: Atkins. Zone. 9 (low in carbohydrate), LEARN1. Context Popular diets, particularly those low in carbohydrates, have challenged current recommendations advising a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for weight loss. Many weight loss diets exist and each claims to be the best. This is a review of the 9 most popular weight loss diets and the science behind them. On the Atkins diet, a person eats all the fat and protein they want but they avoid carbohydrates. The aim is to lose weight and improve health. Atkins Diet Review. Juliette gives information on how the Atkins diet works, side effects and possible health problems and dangers. ![]() ![]() Lifestyle, Exercise, Attitudes, Relationships, and Nutrition; low in fat, high in carbohydrate, based on national guidelines), and Ornish. The primary study objective was to examine the effects of diets and gradations of carbohydrate intake on weight loss and related metabolic variables in overweight and obese premenopausal women. How to Follow Dr. Atkins' Diet. The types of food that you eat affect your weight. That's why certain diets, like the Atkins Diet, may help some individuals to lose. The low carbohydrate Atkins Diet was first introduced in 1970’s by Dr. Robert which includes first 14 days of the diet, it is said that you will lose up to 15. Atkins Diet Myths; Atkins Diet Recipe Videos; Atkins Diet Videos; LC Videos Facebook Fan Page; Low Carbing Among Friends Cookbook; Helpful Low Carb Items. Results may vary. Weight loss is influenced by exercise, food consumed and diet. Premenopausal women aged 2. Women were excluded if they self- reported hypertension (except for those whose blood pressure was stable using antihypertension medications); type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus; heart, renal, or liver disease; cancer or active neoplasms; hyperthyroidism unless treated and under control; any medication use known to affect weight/energy expenditure; alcohol intake of at least 3 drinks/d; or pregnancy, lactation, no menstrual period in the previous 1. Race/ethnicity data were collected by self- report to be used for descriptive purposes and possible ancillary analyses of subgroups. All study participants provided written informed consent. The study was approved annually by the Stanford University Human Subjects Committee. Randomization was conducted in blocks of 2. Participants were assigned 1 of 4 diet books: Dr Atkins' New Diet Revolution,8. Enter the Zone,9. The LEARN Manual for Weight Management,1. Eat More, Weigh Less by Ornish. Each diet group attended 1- hour classes led by a registered dietitian once per week for 8 weeks and covered approximately one eighth of their respective books per class. The same dietitian taught all classes to all groups in all 4 cohorts and was rated by participants at the end of the 8- week sessions for enthusiasm and knowledge of the material (rating scale of 1- 5, from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree,” respectively). The LEARN program is intended to be a 1. Efforts to maximize retention in the study included e- mail and telephone reminders for appointments, e- mail or telephone contact from staff between the 2- and 6- month and between the 6- and 1. Each group received specific target goals according to the emphasis of the assigned diet. The Atkins group aimed for 2. The Zone group's primary emphasis was a 4. The LEARN group was instructed to follow a prudent diet that included 5. The primary emphasis for the Ornish group was no more than 1. Additional recommendations given for physical activity, nutritional supplements, and behavioral strategies were consistent with those presented in each diet book. The guidelines for the Zone and LEARN diets incorporated specific goals for energy restriction, while for the Atkins and Ornish diets, there were no specific energy restriction goals. A range of behavior modification techniques were discussed during the 2- month classes. The Ornish and Zone books suggest some stimulus- control strategies but on the whole do not emphasize behavior modification, whereas both the Atkins and LEARN books suggest multiple strategies, such as relapse preparation and planning strategies and goal setting. Overall, the LEARN manual has the greatest emphasis on behavior modification strategies. Dietary intake data were collected by telephone- administered, 3- day, unannounced, 2. Nutrition Data System for Research software, versions 4. Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis). Data collectors were trained and certified by the Nutrition Coordinating Center. The recalls occurred on 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day per time point, on nonconsecutive days whenever possible. Local foods not found in the comprehensive database were added to the database manually. A “food amounts booklet” was used to assist participants with portion size estimation. Energy expenditure was assessed using the well- established Stanford 7- day physical activity recall. Anthropometric Data. Height was measured to the nearest millimeter using a standard wall- mounted stadiometer. Body weight was measured to the nearest 0. Waist and hip circumference were measured to the nearest millimeter by standard procedures using a 1. Whole- body fat (percentage of body mass) was determined by dual- energy x- ray absorptiometry using pencil- beam mode on the Hologic QDR- 2. Hologic QDR 4. 50. Hologic Inc, Waltham, Mass). Metabolic Measures. Blood samples were collected after a 1. Plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides (free glycerol blank subtracted) were measured enzymatically using Stanford Clinical Chemistry Laboratory–established methods. High- density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL- C) was measured by liquid selective detergent followed by enzymatic determination of cholesterol. Low- density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL- C) was calculated according to the methods described by Friedewald et al. Lipid assays were monitored by the Lipid Standardization Program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and were consistently within specified limits (monthly coefficients of variation were all . The non–HDL- C measure was defined as total cholesterol value minus HDL- C value. Total plasma insulin in serum was measured by radioimmunoassay. Blood glucose was measured using a modification of the glucose oxidase/peroxidase method. Resting blood pressure was measured 3 times at 2- minute intervals as described elsewhere. Clinic and laboratory staff members were blinded to treatment assignment. The selected minimal clinically significant between- group difference in weight change was 2. Based on previous trials, we projected a 6. SD of weight change. The primary analysis was conducted applying intention- to- treat methods with baseline values carried forward for missing values. Thus, with 4 treatment groups and a projected 7. Dietary composition data (energy intake; percentage carbohydrate, fat, and protein; and grams of saturated fat and fiber) were analyzed using raw, unadjusted means (SDs) (ie, no imputation for missing data). Between- group differences in dietary intake at each time point were tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA). For weight and for all secondary outcome measures, analyses were conducted using all time points and all diets and were tested for diet group . Triglyceride data were log- transformed to attain normal distributions for testing; for ease of interpretation, values presented in the text and figures are untransformed. Differences among diets for 1. ANOVA. For statistically significant ANOVAs, all pairwise comparisons among the 4 diets were tested using the Tukey studentized range adjustment. Statistical testing of changes from baseline to 2 months and to 6 months using pairwise comparisons are presented for descriptive purposes. For exploratory purposes, ancillary analyses were conducted to determine the effect of diet group assignment on secondary outcomes at 1. Also for exploratory purposes, all analyses of weight and secondary outcome measures were tested using only available data, without using baseline values carried forward for missing data or other imputation methods. Atkins diet: What is it and should I try it? The aim of the Atkins diet is to lose weight by avoiding carbohydrates and controlling insulin levels. Dieters can eat as much fat and protein as they want. Robert Atkins, an American cardiologist, created the Atkins diet in the early 1. It has evolved over time and now encourages people to eat more high- fiber vegetables and do more exercise. Atkins was a cardiologist. He designed a diet that aimed to reduce carbohydrate intake significantly. Atkins, the main reason for putting on weight is the consumption of refined carbohydrates, especially sugar, high- fructose corn syrup, and flour. This switching is called ketosis. At this point, ketosis occurs. In other words, when glucose levels are low, the body switches to using its own stores of fat as a source of energy. When a person eats, their glucose levels rise. This triggers insulin levels to rise. They are called high glycemic foods. The carbohydrates enter the blood rapidly, and they cause insulin levels to rise quickly. They have a low glycemic load, and they appear lower down the glycemic index. Sugar alcohols have a minimal effect on blood sugar levels. According to Dr. Atkins, the best carbohydrates are those with a low glycemic load. During ketosis, the body will transfer some of the fat stores in fat cells to the blood to be used as energy. This causes the body to burn more calories than it would on other diets, because it encourages ketosis. Atkins suggested that a person. Carbohydrates come mainly from salad and vegetables, which are low in starch. The dieter eats high- fat, high- protein food with low- carbohydrate vegetables, such as leafy greens. These include nuts, low- carb vegetables and small amounts of fruit. However, losing weight on many diets can achieve this. This can lead to nausea, headache, mental fatigue, and bad breath. It is not suitable for people with kidney disease. Pregnant or breast- feeding women should not engage in this diet.
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